Let’s Sprout! with Doug Evans

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A revisited history of cacao domestication in pre-Columbian times revealed by archaeogenomic approaches

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  Abstract "Humans have a long history of transporting and trading plants, contributing to the evolution of domesticated plants.  Theobroma cacao  originated in the Neotropics from South America. However, little is known about its domestication and use in these regions. In this study, ceramic residues from a large sample of pre-Columbian cultures from South and Central America were analyzed using archaeogenomic and biochemical approaches. Here we show, for the first time, the widespread use of cacao in South America out of its native Amazonian area of origin, extending back 5000 years, likely supported by cultural interactions between the Amazon and the Pacific coast. We observed that strong genetic mixing between geographically distant cacao populations occurred as early as the middle Holocene, in South America, driven by humans, favoring the adaptation of  T. cacao  to new environments. This complex history of cacao domestication is the basis of today's cacao ...
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A Case for Regularly Obtaining Nutrition History Food for Thought

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 " This case demonstrates the potential effect of dietary changes on cholesterol levels. Typically, patients with primary severe hypercholesterolemia, defined as an LDL cholesterol level of 190 mg/dL or higher, are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and are given guideline-directed statin therapy due to their elevated risk for future coronary events. 1   A careful dietary history can be valuable in identifying patients who might benefit from dietary changes rather than a statin prescription. This patient was consuming a diet high in saturated fats, including red meats, eggs, and coconut oil. 2   A behavioral modification approach was appropriate because she had multiple areas for improvement in her diet and no history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension. However, this conservative approach may not be appropriate for patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or genetic hypercholesterolemia. This nutritional approach is especial...
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